Solar distillation of human urine to recover non-potable water and metal phosphate mineral

Abstract Human urine is a readily available nutrient source that can complement commercial fertilizer production, which relies on finite mineral resources and global supply chains. This study evaluated the effectiveness of simplified solar distillation process for to recover phosphorus (P) nitrogen agricultural use water non-potable purposes. Synthetic fresh, synthetic hydrolyzed, real hydrolyzed were exposed direct sunlight 6 h in simple apparatus, produced bottoms distillate. Metal phosphate precipitation was P. The recovered as Hydrolyzed more metal solid had higher conductivity distillate than fresh urine. also achieved greater volume recovery presence UV-absorbing organics therefore lower-quality product water. There no significant correlation between daily high air temperature recovered. provides comprehensive data set human considering fate nutrients different types